Fainting may have a variety of causes. A simple episode, also called a vasovagal attack, is the most common type of fainting spell. It is most common in children and young adults.
A vasovagal attack happens because blood pressure drops, reducing circulation to the brain and causing loss of consciousness.
Typically an attack occurs while standing and is frequently preceded by a sensation of warmth, nausea, lightheadedness and visual "grayout." If the syncope is prolonged, it can trigger a seizure.
In my clinical practice, I have come across patients who suffer from a simple fainting spell due to anxiety, fear and intense emotional stress. If a person becomes intensely anxious or panicked and breathes too quickly, he or she may feel faint from hyperventilation.
Postural hypotension
Some patients have a problem with the way their body regulates their blood pressure, particularly when they move too quickly from a lying or sitting position to a standing position. This condition is called postural hypotension and may be severe enough to cause fainting. This type of fainting is more common in the elderly. The drop in blood pressure can also be a side effect of medications.
