How does the fibrinolysis (fibrin breakdown) of blood clots after tooth extraction lead to painful alveolar osteitis (dry socket)?

Usually some variation in the volume of flow and presence of clots do occur from cycle to cycle. However, if you do notice there has been a consistent increase over a number of cycles, then one should consider the possibility of fibroids and endometrial polyps. Menstrual bleeding comes from shedding of the inner lining (endometrium) of the womb at the end of every menstrual cycle. If there are any factors that may increase the surface area for bleeding, or interfere with the mechanism of clotting (the usual way a person stops bleeding), then a woman may experience heavy menstrual flow.

Thank you for the question. There are various conditions that can cause a dark discolouration of the nail. A blood clot or haematoma under the nail can cause a dark discolouration of the nail. This usually appears suddenly and is due to trauma to the nails. On closer inspection, the colour may be black or dark purple. This usually improves as the nail plate grows. A subungual melanoma or melanoma under the nail plate can also present as pigmentation beneath the nail plate. Melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer and it is important to diagnose this early.