Human

Hi, Alcohol destroys the coronavirus by attacking the envelope structure of the virus through a process called denaturation. Denaturation occurs when the alcohol molecules bond with the fat membrane that encases a virus or bacteria cell. When this happens, the fat membrane is broken down and the inside of the cell with all of its critical components becomes exposed, and as a result, it starts to dissolve, and the cell quickly dies. The US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends an alcohol concentration of between 60 and 90 percent for disinfection purposes.

Hi there, The signs of a severe allergic reaction can include difficulty breathing, hoarseness or wheezing, swelling around the eyes or lips, hives, paleness, weakness, a fast heart beat or dizziness. Life threatening allergic reactions to the flu shot are rare. Moreveor, should there be one, these signs would most likely happen within a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccine is given. Otherwise, receiving the flu vaccine is a fairly uncomplicated process.

Hi Jason, There could be a bunch of possibilities, depending on your initial pigmentary issue. Most often lasering of pigmentation with any laser can potentially cause a post-inflammatory hyperigmentary (PIH) darkening of the area. This can happen if slightly stronger or incorrect settings are used, or if you are just more prone to PIH formation (which most asians are). As such, careful and gradual approaches should be sought in pigmentation management in Asians. Picosecond lasers tend to work best for pigmentation, with the least possible risk of PIH formation.

To know the number of Total cholesterol alone is not adequate. This is because Total cholesterol = bad cholesterol + good cholesterol. Therefore a high level of Total cholesterol may be due to a high value in bad cholesterol (which is undesirable); or may be due to high level in good cholesterol (which is desirable). So, the Ratio in dividing Total cholesterol by good cholesterol (ie. Total C/HDL-C), will give a better assessment of a person’s cardiovascular risk. In general, a Ratio of < 3. 5 (some recommend 4. 0) is desirable, while ratio of equal or > 3. 5 (some recommend 4.

Hi, Paradoxical Adipocyte hyperplasia is the process whereby the fat treated by fat freezing becomes bigger instead of smaller. It is reported to happen in 0. 0051% of fat freezing cases - however , we don’t know about those cases that weren’t reported. It is a poorly understood phenomenon of fat freezing treatments. It is not even clear why that happens and thus unfortunately there’s no way to prevent it.

It sounds like you are having a thread extrusion. If it is indeed giving you discomfort, please consult a doctor who is much more experienced and a trainer in threadlift to resolve the issue. Usually I would do a detailed examination and then proceed to remove the offending thread (if I can feel or see it) via a sterile aseptic technique. It takes maybe 15 mins or less and the problem is solved! I am seeing more and more of such complications as more doctors start to perform threadlifts without the necessary training and experience to handle the possible complications.

Pap smears should be scheduled to be done 1 week before the start of your period, or 1 week after the last day of your period. Avoid vaginal intercourse for at least 2 days before your test. Avoid using any vaginal medications (unless instructed by your doctor), spermicidal foams or creams, or douching for at least 2 days before your pap smear. As you would need to undress from waist down, wear easily removable clothing on the day of your appointment.

Streptococcus B is a possible constituent of the normal vaginal flora. It is found in up to 2 in 5 women. Many a time it is an incidental finding and may not need to be eradicated unless symptoms are present, or the individual is pregnant.

Hope you are staying safe! I will assume you mean inpatient hospitalization for psychological difficulties. As far as I know (and information current as of 6 Oct 2020), NUH, SGH and Sengkang Hospital have very limited beds. Also, it will depend on the cause of your symptoms. For example, if it was found that a brain infection or an autoimmune condition was causing a patient's emotional difficulty, I believe the public hospitals will be able to accept the patient as long as the patient's emotional difficulty is not disruptive to the ward or the nurses are capable of taking care of them.

Intermenstrual bleeding has a number of possible causes including infections, hormone changes, ovulatory dysfunction, polyps, fibroids or other structural growths. A detailed consultation to find out about your menstrual, sexual, past medical and family history, followed by a physical examination will guide your doctor on the investigations needed to further evaluate this unscheduled bleeding. This includes vaginal swabs, STI tests, pelvic ultrasound, blood tests such as thyroid function and hormonal profiles and other procedures to examine the uterus.

Pass urine before the test: Pap smears may cause mild discomfort due to a sensation of pressure in the pelvic area. Urinating beforehand can relieve some of this pressure. In some cases, your doctor might require a urine sample for other testing purposes, thus check with the doctor or staff before going to the restroom. To perform the pap smear, your doctor will use an appropriate amount of lubricating gel to lessen any discomfort. It is also important to take deep breaths and try to relax your pelvic muscles during the procedure.

A white discharge from the penis may be: Pre-ejaculateWidely known as precum - it is a clear, mucoid fluid that is made by the Cowper's glands. These glands sit alongside the urethra. Pre-ejaculate is secreted from the tip of the penis during sexual arousal. SemenNocturnal emissions (wet dreams) can be seen as a whitish thick discharge from the urethra. UrethritisThis is the inflammation of the penis. This can be caused by sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia.

Apart from steroid creams, other treatment options include topical anti-fungal agents, topical calcineurin inhibitors (if topical steroids are not tolerated). In resistant cases, oral anti-fungal, antibiotics, phototherapy and low dose oral isotretinoin have been used.

Relvar Ellipta is a preventer and not a reliever, hence it should not be used to relieve an asthma attack or breathing difficulties. It contains fluticasone furoate which is an inhaled corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory action, and vilanterol which is a long acting beta-agonist to relax the muscles in the airways and keep the airways open for a longer period of time.

From the images provided, the lower lateral incisors seem to be congenitally missing. There are some crucial photos that we would need in order to make a diagnosis ( i. e. a lateral cephalomogram, and tracing to arrive at a skeletal diagnosis, Profile and extra oral photos to observe the soft tissue profile.) As the above is missing, it would be difficult for us to commit to a suggested treatment option.